A three dimensional object is created from a digital representation using additive techniques.

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An arc from an electrical discharge is used at least to heat a metal workpiece. Most of the patents in this collection are directed to metal fusion welding wherein the heat of the electrical arc discharge is used to melt metal, producing the weld between metal workpieces. Others discuss cutting a metal workpiece using the heat from an arc discharge. Others deal with effecting a metalurgical treatment using an arc.

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A laser beam is directed toward a workpiece. The energy of the beam cuts, melts, heats, or otherwise changes a bulk property of the workpiece.

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In Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM) an electrical discharge takes place between a machining electrode and a workpiece. An amount of workpiece material is removed with each discharge and flushed away by a dielectric fluid flow.

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Resistance welding occurs when an electrical current passes through metal workpieces to be welded. Because the metals have an intrinsic resistance, they heat up, melt, and bond together.

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